Alan Turing helped create the modern computer—and then his own country destroyed him.
The British mathematician developed the theoretical foundations of computing and helped break the Nazi Enigma cipher during World War II, work that historians believe shortened the war and saved millions of lives.
But after the war, Turing was prosecuted for being gay and forced into chemical castration.
He died at 41.
Today every smartphone, computer, and AI system traces its roots back to ideas Turing developed.
The real question isn’t whether he belongs in this league.
It’s whether anyone else changed the modern world more.
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